Crack Addiction Essay Example For Students

Crack Addiction Essay Where I come from a low SES community, phrases like your mom is a crack head, or shut up crack baby are said jokingly to make fun of someone during what we call a rip session. Although said as a joke, some are very offended by the comments. Why? Because for some, crack addiction hits too close to home for comfort. Seeing as how it is easily obtainable in low SES areas, many find themselves falling victim to the powerful substance, crack cocaine. Low SES is just one of the many factors that can lead to the use, and addiction of crack cocaine, others include movies, music, peer pressure, and alcohol and cigarette ads. In this report I will discuss the effects, consequences, and possible treatment for crack cocaine addiction. The first time cocaine is used it may make the heart beat faster leading to a feeling of excitement and fear (qtd. in Carroll, 1994, p.24). Followed by euphoria, these feelings can peak within five seconds. The user then begins to feel more energetic and becomes mo re sociable (Carroll, 1994). Psychological effects include feelings of well-being and a grandiose sense of power and ability mixed with anxiety and restlessness (qtd. in Narconon, 2001). One inhalation will produce a high usually lasting 10-15 minutes. After this zenith of intense sensation, the drug wears off, these temporary sensations of mastery are replaced by an intense depression, and the drug abuser will then crash, becoming lethargic and typically sleeping for several days (qtd. in Narconon, 2001). There are several different ways to use crack. It can be snorted, smoked, or taken intravenously. It can also be taken orally (chewed), but this method is not preferred because of the low intensity of the high. The two most popular ways of using crack are smoking and IV usage. These two methods are most favored because they give the most intense sensations. There are three different stages to addiction, the first being the adaptive stage. In this stage, the user is on top of his/her game. They feel as if they can function better while on the drug and are able to handle larger amounts. This is the person that can smoke crack before they go to work and will probably be more productive then most.Cocaine is a powerfully addictive drug. Once having tried cocaine, an individual may have difficulty predicting or controlling the extent to which he or she will continue to use the drug (qtd. in Narconon, 2001). In other words, it may only take one dose to become addicted to the drug. Because t he first high is so pleasurable, many continue taking the drug in search of the first high they experienced. They try taking larger and larger doses to recapture a high that can never be obtained again. Pretty soon theyll find themselves having to use crack just to feel normal again. This is the physical dependency stage. It occurs when the user has built up such a high tolerance from frequent usage, that their body basically forgets what is normal so they have to maintain a continuum of the drug to ward of the withdraw effects. As a result of usage, anxiety and depression can last for weeks. Attempts to stop using the drugs can fail simply because the resulting depression can be overwhelming, causing the addict to use more cocaine in an attempt to overcome his depression. This overpowering addiction can cause the addict to do anything to get cocaine (qtd. in Narconon, 2001). This is the point in which you get the more stereotypical crack addict. They begin to steal from their family and friends, miss work/school, prostitute, and do just about anything they can to get the money to support their habit. They begin to short or try to get over on the person who is selling them drugs, which can result in violence. Some even become drug dealers themselves so that they can pay for the drugs that they use. A Chemical Is Not Be A Carcinogen Or Cancer Causing Agent Under Osha RegulationsIn conclusion, while acknowledging that there are many institutions in place to help individuals after they have acquired an addiction, it seems as if the institutions that are in place to prevent addiction arent reaching enough of the population. There are commercials and billboards with slogans like music is my anti-drug, but how much information can one acquire, and how effective can a thirty second commercial be to an adult or youth who may have endured a lifetime of pain. There are a lot of youth and adults crying out for help and instead of receiving the proper treatment they want or need they resort to a drug that ultimately subjects them to cruel and unusual punishment. I think that educating the youth on the effects of crack, and teaching them life coping skills can be the most effective way to cut down on the number of those who use crack. The D.A.R.E. organization does this, but they are only one organization and naturally cannot be in every school or school district. If there were more aspiring organizations such as D.A.R.E., I believe there would be a dramatic decrease in the number of addicts and in turn a decrease in violence. In addition, I also believe that parents have to talk to their children and play a more active role in their lives. Everything begins at home, so if a child is taught about drugs at home, when they enter the real world theyre already a step ahead. Works CitedBerk, L. E. (1999). Infants, children, and adolescents. Third Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Carroll, M. (1994). Cocaine and crack. New Jersey: Enslow Publishers, INC. Cocaine Anonymous World Service. (2001). A self-test for addiction. Available: http://www.ca.org/catest.html 2001, December 5. Narconon. (2000). Cocaine addiction. Available: http://www.cocaineaddiction.com/cocaine_addiction.html 2001, December 5. Sarason, I. G., Sarason, B. R. (1999). Abnormal psychology the problem ofmaladaptive behavior. Tenth Edition. New Jersey: Prentice HallWords/ Pages : 1,806 / 24

Capital Budgeting Decision Edition Economic-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Capital Budgeting Decision Edition Economic? Answer: Introducation Flexible budget to determine the value of variable cost at different expenditure level. Variable cost is depended on the capacity used and revenue generated. Flexible budgets help to determine the various variable costs that are associated with different level of production. So it can be said that with the help of flexible budgets past performance of the organization can be calculated through evaluating the actual usage and budgeted usage on same level of activity. In evaluating the performance it will provide details of change in variable costs and semi variable costs. There can many reasons that make flexible budget an essential part to evaluate the part performance of the manufacturing business. Flexible budgets are beneficial where costs change frequently with the level of business activity (Pratt, 2003). For example, in the manufacturing business the budgeted overheads are segregated and added as fixed cost and other variable costs are directly linked with the level of revenue. The objective of such performance evaluation will be to evaluate the variances under actual expenses and budgeted expenses. The variances will help to focus on the particular area of expenses and all action will be taken to control the cost (Norton and Porter, 2008). Cash Budgets are prepared to show how the cash flows within the business. The purpose of cash budget is to check the requirement of cash to fulfill the requirement of working capital within the business operation. Cash budget is typically dependent upon the three other budgets that are prepared before making the cash budgets. Cash budgets firstly needs the cash receipts that directly comes from the sales budgets, secondly cash budget need cash expenses that comes from the purchase budget and lastly any cash expenses (fixed or variable) can be taken from the projected profit and loss account and projected balance sheet. Mainly cash receipts are received after or in 1 or 2 months of sales have been made. So it impacts the cash budget directly as any variation in prediction of cash receipts will directly change the cash requirements. Similarly in case of cash payments there will be flow of cash to the suppliers depending upon the cash credits they provide. So any change in cash credits it will directly impact the cash budget (Besley and Brigham, 2008). Operating cycle refers to the average time taken for receipts of cash from the sale of inventory after the acquisition of inventory. Operating cycle is different from the cash cycle as cash cycle is influenced with many other factors while operating cycle in linked with the sale of inventory and cash receipts from inventory. Short operating cycle means business will receive the cash very frequently. On the other hand cash conversion cycle means days required or taken to convert the business resources into cash flows. Cash cycle is very important for any business as it tells time period taken from each dollar value of inventory is put to the production and sales made before any cash is realized (Shim, Siegel and Shim, 2011). Working capital refers to the difference of short term assets and short term liabilities. So the difference of these two these items is working capital which is needed to finance the business operations. Cash cycle means time needed to convert resources back into cash. The difference in value of cash received and cash expenses will help to finance the working capital requirement and also generates the income (Besley and Brigham, 2008). A Government organization varies from not profit organization to profit sharing basis organizations. Not profit organizations work for the public interest with a motive to earn the profits. Accounting in the non government organization will reveals only the cash received and cash paid at various public benefit transactions. Private companies are required to report the government and the top management about the profitability of the company. In case of government there are no such liabilities, so therefore it is not compulsory to follow each and every step for accounting in government organization (Bierman and Smidt, 2007). Cost accounting refers to the process of collecting the information about the cost of products, recording them properly, classifying them accordingly, and lastly analyzing and summarizing the various elements of cost to provide the management with best alternative they can adopt for making the policies regarding the cost efficiency and coat capabilities. Under the costing system there are many costing process such as activity based costing system, traditional costing system, and standard costing etc. These systems provide information regarding the cost behavior and cost control (Pratt, 2003). Given Details in the question Budget for the year Direct labour costs for the year $ 537,600.00 Manufacturing overheads for the year $ 598,080.00 Administrative overheads for the year $ 695,520.00 Direct labour hours for the year 14000.00 Total machine hours for the year 7000.00 Manufacturing Overhead rate for the Wonder products is as follows: Manufacturing overheads are distributed on the basis of machine hours are consumed, therefore manufacturing overhead allocation rate will be calculated as under: Calculation of the Manufacturing overhead allocation rate Manufacturing overheads for the year $ 598,080.00 Total machine hours for the year 7000.00 Manufacturing overhead allocation rate $ 85.44 Administrative overhead allocation rate for Wonder Products is as follows: Administrative overheads are distributed on the basis of direct labour hours are consumed, therefore administrative overhead allocation rate will be calculated as under: Calculation of the administrative overhead allocation rate Administrative overheads for the year $ 695,520.00 Direct labour hours for the year 14000.00 Administrative overhead allocation rate $ 49.68 Price quoted to the Bushy George to build the especially ordered wonderful creation is calculated as under: Calculation of the Labour hour rate Direct labour costs for the year $ 537,600.00 Direct labour hours for the year 14000.00 Labour Hour Rate $ 38.40 (Besley and Brigham, 2008) Calculation of price for especially ordered wonderful creation Particulars Amount Direct materials $ 19,000.00 Direct labour $ 28,800.00 Manufacturing overheads $ 34,176.00 Administrative overheads $ 37,260.00 Total Cost $ 119,236.00 Add: Mark up @40% of total cost $ 47,694.40 Price to be quoted to Bushy George $ 166,930.40 Overhead expenses are not directly identified in the products as it occurs in relation to manufacturing process not with the manufacturing process. Overhead rates such as administrative overhead rate and manufacturing overhead rate are linked with how much labour hours and machine hours has been used in the product. While considering the cost related to job or taking decision regarding the price than there is need to check the overheads that are used indirectly to arrive the total cost (Pratt, 2003). While producing different products there is use various activities and cost related to that activity is needed to include in the total cost. In traditional costing approach all indirect overheads are allocated using one overhead rate like machine hour or labour hour rate. Under this approach, activities that are not even used in the particular product become part of it. Alternative approach for this is activity based costing (Adler, 2013). Predetermined overhead rate are used to calculate the unit cost of the product due to many reasons. It is easier to calculate the cost of product using the budgeted overhead rate rather than using the actual overhead used in the product. It also simplifies the cost accounting work at the year end. Every product uses some cost of overhead but it is very time consuming process so companies think fit to use the budgeted overhead rate (Besley and Brigham, 2008). References Adler, R. 2013. Management Accounting. Routledge. Besley, S. and Brigham, E. F. 2008. Essentials of Managerial Finance. Cengage Learning. Bierman, H., and Smidt, S. 2007. The Capital Budgeting Decision, Ninth Edition: Economic Analysis of Investment Projects. Routledge Norton,C. and Porter, G. 2008. Financial Accounting: The Impact on Decision Makers. Cengage Learning. Pratt, S. P. 2003. Cost of Capital: Estimation and Applications. John Wiley Sons. Shim, J.K., Siegel, J.G. and Shim, A.I. 2011. Budgeting Basics and Beyond. John Wile

Claudio Monteverdi His Life And Contributions Essays -

Claudio Monteverdi: His Life And Contributions A comparison of two major Baroque composers: Claudio Monteverdi and Domenico Scarlatti The purpose of this paper is to analyze two psalms by Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi (1567-1643) and Giovanni Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757) and compare and contrast the two pieces to find out how music changed throughout the Baroque period. While historians grouped music of the Baroque period together based on certain characteristics, the music did not remain the same throughout the period, as it would not for any other musical time period. Composers from different points in the Baroque period were chosen, but the things the two composers had in common were the country of residence and their nationality. Special care was taken to chose composers from the same country so that differences could not be accounted as being because of different nationalistic styles. The piece by Monteverdi, Confitebor tibi, Domine (Psalm 110), was a psalm that was used as part of the vespers on Sundays. This particular psalm is found in varied forms in the publication Selva morale et spirituale, published around 1640. This setting is set for four voices and solo soprano voice, and is accompianed by continuo. The piece begins and ends in C major, with use of very few accidentals. The accidentals in this piece were used to create a leading tone to the fifth or tonic. The piece is mostly homorhythmic and has a combination of polyphony and homophony. Occasionally there is a duet with the soprano and solo soprano lines. The piece is written in Latin, which was common practice for the time. There are no indicated dynamics, and there is use of musica ficta. In the transcription used in this paper, bar lines were added since almost none existed in the actual manuscript, and some corrections were made in the number of rests in some places in the score. The psalm composed by Scarlatti, called Laetatus sum (Psalm 121), is set for four voices (SATB), continuo, and solo soprano and alto lines. This piece is also a part of the vesper psalms used in church. There is use of imitative polyphony within the chorus parts and within the solo lines, but the chorus lines and solo lines did not imitate eachother so in essence, the piece is a duet and a chorus piece put together. There is figured bass present throughout the psalm setting. The text is actually the text to psalm 122. There is octave doubling in the bass, and the fifth occurs often since it was considered to be perfect or somehow godly. What makes this psalm different from Scarlatti's other psalms is that it is the only psalm that exhibits an organized concerto style. This psalm is also written in Latin, and has no indicated dynamics. It begins in D major, and switches to A and E major, and b and a minor throughout the setting, and ends back on D major. The piece does have some ornam entation, consisting of argued trills. The argument comes from odd markings on the original manuscript. Some people feel that the markings were just hastily drawn trills, while others feel they may actually be mordants. In the transcription listed here, they are all listed as trills. There probably was not a lot of ornamentation put into the music because there was an idea that if the music became too frilly it took away from the sacred message it was supposed to send. While both pieces are a part of each composer's library of sacred music, they are in some respects not very much alike and in others they are very similar. There are the obvious things they have in common such as the fact that they are written in Latin. That is not too suprising considering some churches still used Latin as the primary language in their services, even though in the Baroque period many churches began using the vernacular so the patrons would understand the services. Aside from that, Monteverdi, being more influenced by the Renaissance due to his time of birth, demonstrates music practices that are more indicative of the early Baroque with his use of homophony throughout his setting of Psalm 110. It is obvious that Monteverdi used

Diary of a Wimpy Kid Essay Example

Diary of a Wimpy Kid Essay Example Diary of a Wimpy Kid Essay Diary of a Wimpy Kid Essay Greg it this guy how thinks he is all that and thinks he is so popular. nd when he is older, he thinks he is going to be really famous. rowley still thinks hey i am only in 6th grade, i can still be a kid and use the word PLAYYYY greg heffley the book diary of a wimpy kid [ people think this book is just a funny book but what i think is ] i think that if you have a really good friendship, and one of the friends said or did something heart-full, it can mess the whole thing up. : if you use your friend to make you a better person it can always turn back around just like when greg made rowley go down the BIG hill so Greg can throw a foot-ball at Rowley and so Greg can get a lot stronger. 2: when you have a really good friend you want to keep for a long time or a life time friend, you should ALWAYS be nice to them and respect them. 3: if you have a friend that did something embercasing or axudentley Diary of a wimpy kid greg is going to middle school, his mom bought him a Diary witch h as the word Diary right in the middle and is in big letters. e is scared to bring it to school because he does not want some 8th grader to come see him with his bookdiary and think he is a sissy cause he has a diary in 6th grade and does not want to get punched and then get made fun of. gregs big dream and what he thinks he is going to be like in middle school is this guy who so popular and EVERY-ONE knows him, and then when he gets out of school, he is going to be really famous and when they want to know what his child-houd was like he is going to give them his diary, thats why he aggred to his mom to write in his diary. reg is spoused to write in almost all year. Greg is not really excited because A guy named Greg has a friend named Rowley and has been friends since Greg has moved to his new house. As soon as Rowley sees that a family has moved into the house, that was for sail, Rowleys mom went to the store and bought him a book called how to make friends and i kind of felt sorry for him so i puled my wig for him. that how there friend ship started. there friends ship is a little weard at first. Greg it this guy how thinks he is all that and thinks he is so popular. and when he is older, he thinks he is going to be really famous. rowley still thinks hey i am only in 6th grade, i can still be a kid and use the word PLAYYYY greg heffley the book diary of a wimpy kid [ people think this book is just a funny book but what i think is ] i think that if you have a really good friendship, and one of the friends said or did something heart-full, it can mess the whole thing up. : if you use your friend to make you a better person it can always turn back around just like when greg made rowley go down the BIG hill so Greg can throw a foot-ball at Rowley and so Greg can get a lot stronger . 2: when you have a really good friend you want to keep for a long time or a life time friend, you should ALWAYS be nice to them and respect them. 3: if you have a friend that did something embercasing or axudentley

Chinese, Japanese, and Korean environmental activists use of Essay

Chinese, Japanese, and Korean environmental activists use of Borderless Media - Essay Example to be a thorn in the flesh for the media and the public is how environmental issues are tackled by leaders across the different governments. The Asian journalists tend to think that the media from the West is well equipped with environmental data, which is totally different from the situation that is on the ground in Asia. In Asia difficulties faced by the media ranges from financial, technical and political in the various ventures that are explored. Information on environmental problems and projects is vast in Asia but the only problem is that the information is not freely accessible to the public and the only people who get to access it are the government agencies. The information is not also made available to the journalists neither is it filtered to meet the government interests. The only information that is availed to the public in one way or the other is usually presented in scientific jargon as well as in technical reports aimed at making the environmental information incompre hensible to the media fraternity thus gagging their ability to spread the information throughout the public domain. A good as well as a practical example is indicated by the fact that the appraisal report, the evaluation report and the impact-assessment report of big projects like dams are normally treated by the national government as confidential and the same case applies to international loaning agencies that are funding these projects. There are numerous unfolding difficulties that are faced by the activists and the media fraternity in their efforts to inform the public on issues facing the environment. These however does not deter the Asian environmental activists as well as the Asian group in stepping up their efforts of informing the public on matters that are environmentally sensitive and which affect government decisions (LaMay and Dennis, 1991, p. 219). Chinese environmental activists’ use of Borderless Media Use of Local newspaper According to Redclift, as the year s go by the environmental issues are in one way or the other considered to be non-sensitive issues. This has changed the whole of reporting scenery of these issues as they are reported regularly thereby making them to be obvious. The Chinese local newspaper in particular has been under intense pressure from the government to refrain from critically reporting on issues that pertain to the environment. Bans are imposed with the claim that it is for the national as well as the security interest of the nation. In 2005 Yang, an expert of the media and environment in China indicated that environmental NGOs together with their environmental campaigns have had one of the favorable spells in the Chinese local newspaper since the mid 1990s when they emerged. A close relationship has since emerged from the environmental NGOs and conventional media. The existing relationship has also incorporated various green NGOs that are spearheaded by former professional journalists. The tie between the NGO s and the media is further enhanced by the fact that the environmental NGOs are part and parcel of the source of the news and at the same time, the environmental NGOs rely on the media to apply more pressure on the government (Redclift, 201, p. 389). Use of Internet The internet has played a crucial role in expanding the existing room for the free media over the past decades. The state

How has technology influenced commercial aircraft to make them more Research Paper - 1

How has technology influenced commercial aircraft to make them more eco-friendly and safer - Research Paper Example The transport sector is one of them. Over the recent years, manufacturers of various brands of vehicles, trucks and aircrafts have come up with designs that have increased fuel efficiencies. The result of this has been reduced green house gas (GHG) emissions from the sector. In aviation specifically, a four-pillar strategy has been identified as a mitigation measure to GHG emissions from the sector. The four pillars are efficient infrastructure, effective operations, improved technology and positive economic measures (Centro 98). Of the four, technology has proved to be the most important prospect in minimizing aviation emissions. Since its introduction in the early 1900, commercial aircraft has been developing due to technological advances and recent transformations have made commercial airliners more eco-friendly and safer. This paper explores the ways in which has technology influenced commercial aircraft to make them more eco-friendly and safer. The paper begins by outlining technological advancements that have been made on commercial aircraft and how they have increased its environmental friendliness and safety. This is followed by a brief description of the savings made from these advancements and possible future advancements that can be made to make commercial aircraft more eco-friendly and safer than they are today. Commercial aircraft are second to highway vehicles in terms of motor fuel consumption. At the same time, the demand for air travel in the world is growing by almost twice the rate of growth experienced by highway vehicles. This has presented opportunities for airliners to expand their air routes, number of flights and even their fleet. All these have the potential of increasing the environmental hazards presented by commercial aircrafts on the environment. However, the industry has enjoyed many technological advancements to accommodate the increasing traffic while mitigating this. Greene (538) states that since the early 1970s,

Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Audit - Essay Example Recent news that European Parliament has voted for bringing mandatory auditor rotation into the EU region has once again reminded to the global society about the necessity to improve auditor’s independence and stressed the importance of this measure. The aim of this research was to provide an overview of the auditor's independence and the mandatory auditor rotation and to analyze whether compulsory auditor rotation will improve the overall auditor independence and audit quality. Under mandatory auditor rotation, it is understood that a business or a client firm should not retain the same auditor for more than a specified period of time. There are many different views and opinions regarding the correlation between auditor's independence and auditor rotation reforms. While some experiments published in the accounting literature indicate on some potential benefits of this measure, other studies illustrate that there is no positive effect for auditor rotation and moreover, it may cause the adverse effect. The majority of opponents believe that mandatory audit firm would not improve audit quality, but will result in increased time and distraction of management, as new auditors will require more time for understanding company’s business practices, operations, and financial reporting processes. While there are proponents of mandatory audit rotation, stating that this measure will enable to improve auditors’ independence, the number of arguments put forward by the opponents of this idea is much greater.