Population Growth and the Distribution of Human Populations to Effects on the Environment

Virtualize - Essay Example I. Execution tuning. It turns into more confounded to screen execution. Execution screens alone can't be depended on. In the VMware condition the utilization of vSphere will be utilized. You additionally need to appreciate how virtual situations deal with its assets. This arrangement is imperative since this is the fundamental parts that are utilized for the virtualization and this frequently makes the framework breakdown. This is likewise significant in order to keep away from the underutilization of the server. The establishment of four superior visitor meetings will heighten a server to half or 60% of the server execution. In this manner the arranging stage is imperative advance on any Hyper-V setup. (Dimar, 2008) This is essential to the association since it will give the brief look at the advantage of virtualization and the cost that will be required. This cost procedure is fundamental in any association to keep away from misfortunes that might be because of framework disappointment. (Pollak, 2011) I will go on with the execution of the methodology of usage of a virtual foundation. This is on the grounds that the registering tasks are of different locales with a server tally of in excess of 400 which is bigger number. This can build the exhibition of the organization and may expand its gainfulness. (Pollak,

To what extent was the Crimean War (1853 †1856) ‘disastrously planned and poorly executed’ (Economist 2014)

Presentation This exposition looks at the case that the Crimean War (1853-1856) was ‘disastrously arranged and ineffectively executed’ (Economist 2014). The primary segment takes a gander at the conditions out of which the war emerged, giving some foundation to the contention while recommending that from its origin the war was described by mistakes in judgment and miscommunication. The following segment continues to talk about the numerous maritime bumbles that occurred during the war, looking both at the Crimea just as the less regularly examined Far East. This is trailed by a thought of the land activities of the contention, giving specific consideration to activities of the British. The examination at that point goes to the provisioning of the Allied and Russian powers, just as the nature of administrations, for example, clinical consideration. At last, the last segment quickly considers the outcomes of the war for the gatherings in question. It is inferred that the Crimean War wa s described by a curiously enormous number of mistakes regarding arranging and execution. Lack of common sense and association can apparently be seen from the episode of war. The craving to get to the Mediterranean had been a long-standing desire of Russia’s by the mid-nineteenth century (Economist 2014; Lambert 2011). Hence the shortcoming of the Ottoman Empire in the period was taken advantage of, halfway disguised, obviously, by pardons about the abuse of Christian minorities in the Ottoman Empire. The scenery to this was a more extensive contest about who should govern the Holy Land: Orthodox Russia or Catholic France (Clough 1964). The Turkish-Russian contest incorporated a few dull, failed endeavors at serene goals through strategy, after which the Russian Army attacked Moldavia and Wallachia (portions of advanced Moldova and Romania) on 2 July 1853, sinking the Turkish armada at Sinope in 1853. This was trailed by a Turkish revelation of war on 5 October of that year (Economist 2014). Be that as it may, the activities of Russia were to a degree the consequence of an erroneous conclusion. Regardless of a scathing open response in Britain and France, the Allied reaction to the intrusion was a mindful one in the first place, portrayed by vacillating, unsure strategy (Economist 2014). This ‘misled Russia into accepting that it could proceed with its hostility against the Ottomans without consequences’, and Britain and France out of the blue announced war in March 1854 (Economist 2014). The contention at that point raised when the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont joined the war against Russia the next year. A level of poor coordination and misconception can in this way be seen from the beginning. For Britain and France, this appeared as befuddled, dubious strategy; for Russia, it was a distortion of the probability that different gatherings would join the war (Lambert 2011). Clough (1964: 917) makes this point concisely, contending that war emerged from Ã¢â‚¬Ë œNapoleon’s scan for distinction; Nicholas’s mission for command over the Straits; his innocent erroneous conclusion of the plausible response of the European powers; the disappointment of those forces to make their position and the weight of popular feeling in Britain and Constantinople at pivotal moments’. For Clough (1964), in this manner, the war was a confused, misguided ruins from the earliest starting point. It was the item of disarray as well as of the hubris and expanded desire of the pioneers of Europe at that point. It appears to be plausible that the war emerged out of to some degree clamorous conditions and was along these lines corrupted from the beginning, yet the topic of whether this example proceeded with remains. The genuine battle side of the war seems to have been shambolic as a rule. This is recommended by the main occasions of the war. In spite of being steady notwithstanding Russian animosity, it appears that Turkey was not set up for the consequence of contention (Economist 2014; Bloy 2002a). At the point when the Russian armada showed up off Sinope on the southern shore of the Black Sea, the Turkish Admiral was caught off guard for the fight to come. His unit was generally feeble, comprising of just 6 frigates, 3 corvettes, and two little oar liners. Moreover, his biggest weapons were just 24-pounders, and his soldiers were inadequately prepared and unready for war. By correlation, the Russian armada under Admiral Nakhimov was ‘vastly predominant in numbers, size and gunpowe r’ (Brown 1989). The full degree of the lopsidedness is uncovered by the way that except for one boat the whole Turkish armada, including 3000 mariners, was devastated, with the Russians enduring insignificant misfortunes. The Turks were not set up to safeguard their domains, and presumably didn't be able to do as such regardless (Brown 1989). The emotional result of this contention was an incredible stun. Not many in the naval force or somewhere else had foreseen the staggering impact of shells on wooden boats, and as Brown (1989) notes, ‘Naval and popular assessment indicated shock, stun and loathsomeness at the casualties’. Along these lines, even at this ahead of schedule there is proof of poor arrangement and an absence of comprehension of how the war would be led with respect to the Turks if not the Russians. The equivalent can't exactly be said of the British and French. While numerous pundits communicated stun at the occasion of Sinope, arrangements had been made. The British had tried shells against the Prince George and the French had done in like manner at Garve. In addition, in light of the accomplishment of the Russian naval force the French started the development of intensely braced combat hardware batteries for waterfront assault. This was before the presentation of war proposes a level of mari time arrangement with respect to the Allies (Lambert 2011). All things considered, there were not kidding deficiencies with the British armada specifically that recommend both poor execution and arranging. In any case, it was wrongly accepted that the Russian Baltic armada may attack the United Kingdom, which ended up being unjustified and slowed down tasks for longer than a year (Brown 1989). This was a key mistake and what it proposes about execution and arranging can be discussed. Furthermore, when the British armada went into the contention it had issues with labor. For instance, chiefs of naval operations were advanced by position, which implied they would in general be more seasoned than was alluring. All the more significantly, numerous vessels were undermanned because of the poor compensation and conditions on ships. At the point when Britain announced war these issues still couldn't seem to be settled, which shows an unmistakable absence of readiness (Brown 1989). In ongoing decades it has been contended by history specialists that Britain was liable of incredibly poor maritime methodology, which would add up to a poor execution of the war on their part. Lambert (1990, refered to in Fuller 2014) is among the most well known to advance this theory. He contended that ‘the genuine war could have been decided†¦in the Baltic, and won by the full may of an advanced oceanic force against a mainland one’ (Fuller 2014: 2). At the point when the quality of the British naval force as of now, as far as size and innovation, is thought of, this contention appears to be a solid one. The British naval force was eminently in front of its partners to the extent that it included enormous numbers mortar vessels and ironclad batteries. Lambert accepted that Cronstadt would have tumbled to the intensely equipped British flotilla, and that the Russian acknowledgment of this reality what constrained harmony at long last (Fuller 2014). Maybe, at that point, the disappointment of the British to completely use its navy’s potential in the Baltic adds up to a key botch. It is suspicious, in any case, that this piece of the war was as wretched as Lambert contended. As Fuller (2014) notes, one-sided activity (the purported ‘Great Armament’) against Cronstadt may have estranged the French, who were on poor standing with the British. It may likewise have driven up the expense of the war to unreasonable levels, extending the economy to limit. This much is proposed by a survey in 1856 of the ‘Great Armament’, which noticed that Britain couldn't give any ‘proof of unabated quality and unexhausted resources’ (Fuller 2014: 38). This admonition was resounded by Sir George Cornewall Lewis, Chancellor of the Exchequer in Palmerston’s service, who communicated worry that ‘our monetary possibility is exceptionally terrible, a declining income, rising costs, an enormous credit needed which will be jumped on awful standing, and more cash loaned to Sardinia and Turkey’ (Fuller 2014: 38). The purported botche d chances in the Baltic, in this way, don't propose lack of foresight and execution. By and by, one may put forth the defense that the poor money related possibility of Britain before the finish of the war proposes an absence of planning. A different line of contention, coordinated indeed at the British, centers around maritime tasks in the Pacific. Stephan (1969: 257), for instance, depicts the ‘tragi-comic nature of strategic activities in the Far East’. He noticed that regardless of the staggering predominance of the Allied maritime powers in around China and the Pacific, basically no progress was made in that circle. In reality, the Allies had twenty five boats of war, including six liners, while the Russians could marshal just six which were later decreased to four (Stephan 1969). Poor execution and arranging for this situation showed in two different ways. In any case, there was little coordination between the China and Pacific units and the British and French armadas in the region. As Stephan (1969: 258) notes, ‘at the episode of war†¦the British Commander-in-Chief of the China Squadron, Rear Admiral Sir James Stirling, was cruising from Singapore to Hong Kong. The remainder of the unit lay dissipated among the Chinese bargain ports, for example, Shanghai, Amoy, and Canton.’ This emerged from the imprudence of partitioning order of the armada, just as an absence of data about the area of both companion and adversary. Surely, Stepha

Changes that have occurred in the last generation with regard to Essay

Changes that have happened in the last age concerning individual and family funds - Essay Example At the point when the man of the house lost his employment, the spouse would join the workforce, giving the required salary until the man secured another position. In cases of separation the lady, who already wasn’t working, would find a new line of work to help her children. A stay at home parent gave the essential wellbeing net during times of monetary distress.Poor sparing propensity is another threat to the money related strong qualities of the present families. In the event that guardians with two checks spared the subsequent one, at that point this would go about as a security net. With the adjustment in age, there has additionally been a huge decrease in reserve funds among families. Guardians are utilizing the extra wages on lavish things for their youngsters and themselves. An expanded push for lodging in conventional school areas is answerable for the money related emergency looked by numerous families at present. This circumstance is because of lost certainty of the instruction framework. The legislature should build interest in the schools that the center salary took their youngsters to. The expanded interest for these purported nice preschools and great universities lead an ascent in their expense. The additional salary earned by the lady pays for this. Two-pay families gain more today than what a family with singular providers used to acquire an age back. The expense of home loan, charges, medical coverage and childcare are higher than previously. The net impact is that the optional pay of the present double salary families is lower than previously.

Answer the following questions in one paragraph each Assignment

Answer the accompanying inquiries in a single passage each - Assignment Example extraordinary and that the United States needed to show their strength over the Soviet Union in that just a single nuclear bomb could have made Japan give up and advocate for regard of worldwide law by all (The New York Times, n.d). As indicated by â€Å"Morality Reduced to Numbers† by Holt, the principle of twofold impact permits the utilization of techniques that can carry mischief to few individuals to spare numerous lives. This principle applies to the bombarding of Hiroshima and Nagasaki where numerous blameless Japanese residents lost their lives. In spite of the fact that the bombings caused a few passings on the military, the greater part of the individuals who kicked the bucket were guiltless youngsters, ladies and men. This was the United States’ choice to end the war which could cause a bigger number of passings than what was seen in the two urban communities. It likewise is clarified that the assaults made Japan to give up and this forestalled further annihilations of lives as it has been clarified that the Japan military had composed to attack the United States. In any case, numerous individuals have had various feelings whether that was the best way to stop and make Japan to give up ( Holt, 1995). In â€Å"The Biotech revolution† (2012), Dr. Michio Kaku clarifies the negative future improvements that will be experienced by human. Kaku clarifies that innovation messes some up on human wellbeing that can be long haul. The wellbeing impacts are because of the effect of the Atomic bombs. Kaku clarifies that the components from nuclear bomb synthetic concoctions are going to mess future up that will influence the kids conceived. The New York Times. (1995). HIROSHIMA; Justified Bombings? A Survivors Reply. Recovered on sixteenth May 2014 from

Product Market Analysis Essay

In 1873, Adolph Coors and Jacob Schueler, both German foreigners built up Golden, Colorado bottling works. In 1880, Coors purchased out his accomplice and turned into the sole proprietor of Coors Brewing Company. Today Molson Coors Brewing Company is the third biggest fermenting organization in the United States (Molson Coors, 2013). In 1990, Coors Brewing presented Coors Rocky Mountain Spring Water. The item was brief and was removed the market in 1992 after just two years. There are a couple of issues with the showcasing and publicizing of this item. To remarket this item I would begin with the utilization of different sorts of media correspondence. TV, radio, magazine, and other web based life outlets would be exploit. TV and radio advertisements will be communicated during game on the significant games systems. The attention on the games and open air network will be the principle target. The Coors Company didn't focus on these business sectors with their item. Magazines ads will be added to outside and donning magazines. The item will be promoted on social Medias, for example, Facebook and Twitter. Facebook likewise gives the alternative of paying for greater commercial. This can significantly increase the items arrive at in excess of 1000 unique perspectives daily. The promotion for this item was restricted to TV and magazines. The issue with the TV is that Coors was attempted to focus on their lager drinking client. The occasions the plugs were disclosed were during similar occasions that lager ads. The client base that they were arriving at constrained the introduction. That buyer base isn't keen on the Rocky Mountain Spring Water except if is has the remainder of the fixings in it. The enormous issue that this item has is in the name. Coors Rocky Mountain Spring Water makes you think about the mixed drinks that they are known for. This by itself disheartened the individuals who don't drink or those too youthful to even consider drinking. In 1987, the normal individual would expend 4.5 gallons of filtered water every year. That developed in 1997 to 12.7 gallons for every individual. There a no motivation behind why with that much increment in the utilization of filtered water this item didâ not take off (Natural Resource Defense Council, 2013). This item has a basic fix. To start with, it is significant that we change the name of the item. At any rate drop the Coors of the name, Rocky Mountain Spring Water. This will at present get the faithful clients to the Coors item. Any evident fan on Coors will recollect that Coors is made by Rocky Mountain Spring Water. This will likewise disassociate the item from the mixed drinks. The first item was packaged in glass bottles. This could likewise obstruct the deals of the item. The glass bottles are substantial and harder to store. Change the glass bottles into plastic containers. This will eliminate the cost of the item and make it simpler to transporter. The subsequent stage would be to us media to get the item out to the general population. We have to carry more commercials to TV and radio during games. Publicizing on the web should be possible from various perspectives. There are approaches to arrive at online client by email or online ads. Facebook, Netflix, and a digital broadcasts offer commercials during association with their administrations. Online magazines and papers additionally offer notices while on the sites. Facebook has more than one billion individuals who us its administrations month to month. Individuals spend a normal of six hours and 35 minutes every month. In view of the way Facebook works it has a 94% focusing on precision. This is exceptionally powerful when attempting to arrive at the objective market (Facebook, 2013). Web radio is an extraordinary method to contact individuals. Web radio records for 23% of the normal week after week listening time among customer between the ages of 13 and 35. 49% of US purchasers tune in to Internet radio 30 minutes preceding going into a store and the normal online audience will listen just about 12 hours per week (Factbrowser, 2013). Every one of these things I have recorded will assist with expanding the open mindfulness for the item. The more the general population knows about the item, the more consideration it will get. In 2012 9.67 billion gallons of filtered water was expended in the U.S. That was up from the 9.1 billion gallons that was devoured in 2011. In spite of the endeavors of some lobbyist individuals are as yet going to filtered water, and it is appearing in the commercial center. References Facebook. (2013, Summer). The Power of Facebook Advertising. Recovered from https://www.facebook.com/business/intensity of-promoting Factbrowser. (2013, Fall). Research disclosure motor. Recovered from http://www.factbrowser.com/labels/radio/?page=2 Molson Coors. (2013, November). MolsonCoors. Recovered from http://www.molsoncoors.com/en/Index.aspx Natural Resource Defense Council. (2013, July 15). Filtered water. Recovered from http://www.nrdc.org/water/drinking/bw/chap2.asp

US Turning Points - Free Essay Example

The United States of America has a rich political, economic and diplomatic history between 1914 and 1991. During this era, the country undertook many turning points in its internal and external policies that influenced its foreign relations with other nations. In this period, the nation faced many turning points in its history that affected its development and millennial goals. To give an effective a historical account of the United States turning points between the eras, I would chronologically arrange the events to provide students with a clear insight of the facts as they occurred in history. Although many events took place in Americas history, World War 1, treaty of Versailles, the great depression, attacks on Pearl Harbor, World War 2, cold war, and the success of conservation are the main turning points that the country faced between 1914 and 1991. In 1914, the World War 1 broke out in Europe after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand that ended the long peace era that Europeans enjoyed (Foner, 56). He was the heir to Austria- Hungarys throne and it led to Austria- Hungary declared an ultimatum and continuing war on Serbia. The conflict later spread across the globe with worlds superpowers testing the economic strengths. The battle spread over Europe due to the tension that developed among the worlds superpowers. Modern war machinery and t echnology contributed to the spread of World War 1 between two groups, the central powers, and the allied powers (Foner, 60). The central powers comprised of Germany, ottomans, Austria and Belgium while the allied forces were, Britain, France, and Russia. Unlike other wars in the past, the war utilized lands, aerial and sea military equipment that claimed the lives of many soldiers and civilians. The United States of America under the leadership of Wilson Woodrow remained neutral to the European war for two and a half years. The American citizens especially the Irish Americans and religious leaders campaigned for neutrality in the war although the country leaned towards the allied power by selling them armory. Germans attempt to starve Britain to surrender made the United States join the allied nations in the war in 1917 (Foner, 77). The United States had prior grudges with Germany when it sunk America Lusitania ship. After the sinking of the Lusitania ship in 1915, the eastern stat es advocated for the preparedness movement that ensured the country had a competent and sizeable naval force. The war ended in 1918 after Germany conceded defeat. In 1919, the allied powers coerced Germany into accepting the treaty of Versailles in which it was liable for the economic damages that occurred during the war. The WW1 was not only a turning point for the United States but also for the rest of the world as it caused a lot of economic deactivation. The great depression in the United States foresaw the end of prolonged years of business prosperity to its stock market crash the worst the country had ever experienced in history. The economic crisis lasted elevated in 1929 and led to many families having reduced living standards, for example; people could work multiple jobs to cater to their familys needs. The collapse of the United States stock market on 29 October 1929 led to the outbreak of the great depression in the world (Foner, 185). The recession affected everyone t he wealthy, poor, middle-class earners and most nations and cities that depended on factories and industries. The depression spread faster since the worlds financial system could not deal with the stocks crash. Americas great business economy crumbled with all the people that depended on it suffering the pangs. The gross domestic income in the country reduced tremendously across the nation. In 1932, the harsh economic situation in the country forced war veterans to demonstrate in Washington to request the government to pay their bonus payment early that it had promised to pay in 1945. Draught and unemployment caused devastation among the people, and approximately five thousand banks closed in the United States despite the attempts of president Hoover to recreate the economy. The world war 11 was the most significant war that the world ever experienced and started in 1939 and continued until 1945 (Foner, 88). Adolf Hitler led Germanys invasion to Poland and led to the outbreak of the war. The United States joined the allied powers against Germany and its allies. US got involved in the fight after Japanese led an invasion of Pearl Harbor and destroyed US marine ships. The war ended in 1945 after the United States launched two nuclear booms on Nagasaki and Hiroshima in Japan and the allied ha defeated Germany. The damage and Havoc caused in Japanese made the warring parties end the war to prevent further similar catastrophes. The United States and the soviet unions emerged as the worlds superpowers. After World War 2, the United States feared that the Soviet Union would spread communism, in the world and thus commencement of the cold war. The cold war characterized itself with the tension between the western and eastern superpowers. The two sides did not participate directly in war but aided in proxy wars. The specific dates of the commencement of the cold war debut historians claim it took place between 1947 and 1991 (Foner,, 96). The Soviet Union supporte d a communist form of government while the western supported capitalism. The cold war made the US as the only superpower as it continued to compete technologically with the Soviet Union. It is due to the technological competition that led us to be the first to land in space. In 1954, the US joined the Vietnam War with the aim to stop the spread of communism in South Vietnam. President Eisenhower described the spread of communism in Vietnam and other parts of the world with the Domino Theory. In 1963, Martin Luther King it led protests in Birmingham in protest over unequal rights and African American segregation. He sent black students to demonstrate in the streets. In the same year civil societies, church, and labor organizations organized a march in Washington to campaign for economic and racial justice. President John F Kennedy failed to protect the protesting groups and dismissed police brutality. On 22 November 1963, President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. In 1964 after President Lyson assumed office, he encouraged black and white integration, and the Congress passed the civil rights act (Foner, 200) In conclusion, historical events that the United States faced had both positive and negative effects on the countrys economic and social aspects. Global wars in the nineteenth century had a devastating impact the economies of many nations. The countries foreign policies shaped its relationship with other worlds superpowers. The turning events proved that the state has a mature democracy and economic power top maneuver global challenges. Lastly, to keep students interested during the history class, teachers should ask questions to capture and maintain the students attention. Work cited Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty! An American History: Seagull Fourth Edition. Vol. 1. WW Norton Company, 2013.

There’s a New Sheriff in Town Cultural Values in In the Heat of the Night - Literature Essay Samples

Norman Jewison’s In the Heat of the Night (1967) is a thrilling murder mystery set in a small Mississippi town in the late 1960s, shortly after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed. The story follows a black detective, Virgil Tibbs, who is accused of murdering a prominent industrialist who had come to the town to build a factory. However, Tibbs reveals that he is actually a talented detective from Philadelphia, and the town sheriff convinces Tibbs to stay and work the case after he discovers that the local department has arrested the wrong man. He chooses to do this with the knowledge that he will face a great amount of racial prejudice while working the case. In the Heat of the Night won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, in a year with extremely fierce competition. The film’s commercial success, combined with its critical acclaim, signified that American audiences were interested in social problem films and beginning to reject some longstanding cultural n orms. The Heat of the Night affirms the value that the American North is culturally and intellectually superior to the South while it criticizes the idea that white Americans are more intelligent and talented than their black counterparts. At the time of this film’s release, American literary and artistic works had long supported the idea that Northern United States was more culturally advanced and less prejudiced than the Southern United States, and In the Heat of the Night followed this cultural rule. The citizens of Sparta, Mississippi, where the film takes place, have a strong sense of local pride. This is evidenced when Ted Ulam, the funeral director, says â€Å"I could give him a nicer service right here in Sparta than he could ever get out there in Chicago, and at half the price too,† about the deceased, wealthy Chicagoan industrialist, Philip Colbert. They can easily identify outsiders as well. When Tibbs corrects the sheriff’s grammar in their first conversation, Gillespie calls him â€Å"a northern boy.† This demonstrates Jewison’s view that not only are Northerners more well-spoken, and thus better educated than their Southern counterparts, but also that the people of Missi ssippi do not want to learn to be more sophisticated. However, this is the most benign example of regional differences in the film. The Spartan townspeople’s local pride extends only to the white citizens who originate from there, and they make no attempts to hide their racism. Some townspeople go as far as to embrace it. The town thugs, who appropriately have a Confederate flag license plate on the front of their car, chase Tibbs down and through the town’s garbage dump where several white men were scavenging through the burning trash. When the racist men corner Tibbs in a railway house, one of them threatening to whip him with a chain in a clear reference to slavery. These occurrences overtly demonstrate the film’s message of the South being inferior to the North, where the audience is led to believe that such events would never take place, but none do as strongly as the scene at Eric Endicott’s plantation. One of the most salient scenes in demonstrating the backwardness of the South occurs when Gillespie and Tibbs visit Endicott’s cotton plantation to question him about the murder. As they drive up, they see black workers hand-picking cotton and Gillespie remarks, â€Å"None of that for you, huh, Virgil?† In Philadelphia, a black man can become a detective, but in Sparta, they seem doomed to work in the fields. There is a blackface lawn statue in front of the mansion, and the detectives are greeted by a black butler. When they meet Endicott in the greenhouse, he and Tibbs discuss species of orchids, another subject that the well-educated Tibbs has an impressive amount of knowledge about. Endicott finds that amusing because, â€Å"like the Negro, they need care and feedin and cultivatin, and that takes time.† Tibbs diverts the conversation to the murder and Endicott slaps him for suggesting that he could be guilty of murder, which Tibbs shockingly responds to by sla pping him back even harder. Endicott is scandalized, proclaiming that â€Å"There was a time when I could have had you shot!† Later on, the mayor questions Gillespie about why he sided with Tibbs in this instance, saying that â€Å"The last chief we had, he’d have shot Tibbs one second after he slapped Endicott, claim self-defense.† Both men treat the concept of shooting an innocent black man in the name of self-defense almost as standard practice rather than as a hate crime. This has a certain dark irony when one considers that Tibbs was merely defending himself. This idea that the North is more culturally evolved than the South has remained pervasive in media (regardless of whether it can be factually proven true or not). Although Jewison affirms one cultural ideal valuing a certain group over another (i.e. Northerners over Southerners), he refutes another. In the 1960s, it was still the view of many Americans that although black citizens had been granted equal rights under the law, they were not as qualified for or deserving of ambitious careers, a belief which In the Heat of the Night seeks to disprove. This film demonstrates that when given the same opportunities as white citizens, African-Americans can be just as successful as them, and sometimes even more so. The first occurrence of racial profiling occurs very early in the narrative when Officer Wood finds an unfamiliar black man—Tibbs—quietly sitting while waiting for a train and immediately pins him as a prime suspect for Colbert’s murder solely on the basis of his skin color and the fact that he was carrying a significant amount of money. Wood takes Tibbs back to the station for questioning, and when Gillespie asks Tibbs about why he has so much money in his wallet, he is shocked to learn that he makes $162.39 per week. Upon Tibbs’ insistence, Gilles pie calls his chief in Philadelphia and is similarly taken aback upon hearing that he is the department’s â€Å"number one homicide expert.† However, the sheriff is forced to accept that Tibbs has more experience than him when he corrects the coroner on Colbert’s time of death. This is not the only time that Tibbs proves the white officers wrong by slowing down and assessing the situation logically. The next morning, he inspects new suspect Harvey Oberst’s handcuffed wrists and hand and finds that he is left-handed, so he could not be the murderer based on the victim’s wounds, and that Oberst had only stolen Colbert’s wallet after the murder. Gillespie is embarrassed to have been shown up again and comments on his name, Virgil, in the same breath as referring to him with the n-word. He asks Tibbs, â€Å"What do they call you up there [in Philadelphia]?† He receives the famous answer, â€Å"They call me Mister Tibbs.† Tibbs has a job that beckons respect, which he receives up North, and he rightfully asks for the same treatment from an inferior detective in Sparta as well. The sheriff eventually changes his views, but it takes him spending time with Tibbs while solving a case together to do so. When Tibbs asks Gillespie to keep him on the case so that he can pursue Endicott, Gillespie accuses Tibbs of reverse discrimination and comes to a realization that they both just want to do their jobs, even though they have their personal biases. He says to Tibbs, â€Å"Man, you’re just like the rest of us. Ain’t ya?† The final scene completes Gillespie’s emotional transition from begrudging acceptance of Tibbs to genuine respect. He carries Tibbs’ luggage for him to the train station and offers him a handshake and a goodbye in the form of â€Å"You take care now, ya hear?† as he sees him off. Perhaps the most interesting feature of this film is that racism is not the focus of the plot, but it is an ever-pervasive aspect of it. By casting a popular actor and marketing the film as a whodunit, Jewison may have been more successful in getting his message across by catching audiences off guard and forcing them to confront the realities of racial disparity in the United States and their own prejudices. In the Heat of the Night does not offer a grand solution to the race relation issues in America, suggesting only that we begin by respecting one another at the individual level. Additionally, it does not gloss over the dark realities of the Deep South, choosing instead to represent them to audiences as they were. The legacy of Jewison’s film has lived on far past 1967, as it spawned several sequels and a television show and is still considered a must-watch film, and it will likely remain an important portrait of American culture and history for decades to come.

Racial Profiling And The American Civil Liberties Union Essay

The concept of racial profiling has its wide range of definitions. According to the American Civil Liberties Union, racial profiling means â€Å"the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual s race, ethnicity, religion or national origin.† In other words, racial profiling has its assumptions that particular individuals are more likely to be involved in transgression or unlawful activities based on individual’s race or background. Racial profiling does not just exist today; it thrives and mostly propels a brutalizing message and inhuman misconception to citizens of the United States whom they are pre-judged by the color of their skin. The primary cause of profiling is racism or race-related discrimination. Unfortunately, this unwarranted approach is now commonly used by law enforcement officers, even though it could be both unjust and unconstitutional. Not only does it violate the core pri nciples of this country, but it can be dangerous and deadly because it threatens our privacy and security. It is also a threat to racial equality, where many influential and prominent people have fought for to accomplish. Although many heroic activist leaders have ended racial division to its certain extent, yet many African-Americans all over America still face the rigid unequal world because of unjustifiable race-related tragedies that tremendously affects African-Americans. On August 28, 1963, in I Have aShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling And The American Civil Liberties Union1081 Words   |  5 Pagestruth. The pain and misery caused by racial profiling greatly outweighs the positive aspects. Racial profiling is vastly different from criminal profiling. Racial profiling, as stated by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), â€Å"refers to the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual s race, ethnicity, religion or national origin† (â€Å"The Reality of Racial Profiling†). Racial profiling is the immediate grouping of a certainRead MoreRacial Profiling And The American Civil Liberties Union998 Words   |  4 PagesRacial profiling† can hold a variety of meanings. As defined by the American Civil Liberties Union, however, racial profiling is the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual s race, ethnicity, religion or national origin (â€Å"Racial Profiling†). Every day, blacks are stopped much more frequently for aimless searches and minor infractions than their white counterparts . Several African Americans share experiences likeRead MoreRacial Profiling And The American Civil Liberties Union Essay2023 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Racial Profiling† The concept of racial profiling has its wide range of definitions. According to the American Civil Liberties Union, racial profiling means â€Å"the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual s race, ethnicity, religion or national origin.† In other words, racial profiling has its assumptions that particular individuals are more likely to be involved in transgression or unlawful activities based on individual’sRead MoreLiterature Review On Racial Profiiling1391 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay reviews the literature on racial profiling in Courtelaney Pass. Racial profiling is a policing method that has increasingly become scrutinized over the years in Courtelaney Pass. An overwhelming number of individuals in the city are subject to racial profiling. Contrary to 55% white, 38% black, and 7% Hispanic, the blacks and out of town travelers passing through receive 87% of the speeding tickets. In addition, racial profiling can occur to women and men, all age groups are used againstRead MoreRacism : The Criminal Justice System1040 Words   |  5 PagesMr. Andrew Bagley PLS 213 American Federal Government-Online 25th November 2015 Racism in Our Criminal Justice System There are many different types of unlawful racism in the criminal justice system. It goes from back in the early part of our great nation’s birth to the killing of Martin Luther King Jr. to Ferguson, Missouri. The path that racism takes is from old time’s point of view. The way to clear up racism in our criminal justice system is simple and easy. Americans need to fully understandRead MoreRacial Profiling1056 Words   |  5 Pages There has always been racial profiling in our history. The problem here is that at some point the ones who are oppressed and discriminated sooner o later will claim why they are treated unequally. There are many examples around the world, but one only has to take a look at how the American society has been designed to realize the great difference between individuals. It was even normal and acceptable to see these differences during the creation of this nation because the ones who supposedly hadRead MorePolice Brutality and Profiling1196 Words   |  5 Pageswere signing up for so they should not be pitied. Police officers face dangers everyday but profiling and racially motivated brutality is not justifiable and officers should be severely punished for committing these crimes. To begin with police officers faces more dangers than the average American citizen, â€Å"generally police are about three times as likely to be killed on the job as the average American† (Blako). â€Å"Some of the most important hazards police face are assaults, vehicle crashes, beingRead MoreProfiling Immigration in the U.S Essay examples1429 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration profiling has become a recent issue in the United States. This is primarily due to the fact that â€Å"the immigrant population in the United States grew considerably over the past 50 years† (Garcia 1). States are enacting laws that grant law enforcement the right to profile any one person that they believe is an illegal immigrant. On April 23, 2010, Arizona’s â€Å"Governor Brewer issued Executive Order 2010-09 requiring the Arizona Peace Officers Standards and Training Board to establish trainingRead MoreRacial Profiling in Different Ways791 Words   |  3 PagesRacial Profiling has been used by law enforcement officials from early 60’s during the civil rights movement. The term â€Å"racial profiling† which was introduced to criticize abusive police practices against people of different race, ethnicity or national origin. One must assess how to understand the practice, and how to keep it distinct from other issues. Racial profiling is defined as â€Å"any police-initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national origin, rather than the behavior of anRead Morestop and frisk1498 Words   |  6 Pagespolice officers are suppose to be protected and help us out when needed. The reality of it is police officers are out here on the beat violating are constitutional rights. Stop and frisk was to help fight crime on the streets but all it caused was racial profiling by officers everyday for the last twelve years. Stop and frisk has been used and abused and young adults are afraid to leave their house because they know they will be harassed for no good reason. Stop and frisk has caused a war between the officers

Critical analysis essay on Good People by David Foster...

Sandra Cartica ENG 221 – CSS Prof. Donnelly 11-11-2014 Critical Analysis Essay – â€Å"Good People† The Battle Within â€Å"Good People†, written by David Foster Wallace, and published in the February 2007 issue of The New Yorker magazine is a story about two young Christians who are faced with the issue of an unplanned pregnancy. The critic reviewing this short story is Matt Bucher. He takes a psychological/philosophical approach and references the division and dichotomy within the story. Religious imagery is highlighted as well as the struggle and divisions within ourselves. Outwardly, this story seems focused on â€Å"to abort† or â€Å"not to abort,† but in reality, it is a story about our inner battle between good and evil; division and union.†¦show more content†¦Two-hearted, a hypocrite to yourself either way† (Wallace 8). In my opinion, young people probably face this problem every day and yet, I would bet that few of them have felt this deeply. Lane and Sheri want to please their God, but Lane struggles with the issue of loving her or not, and She ri struggles with the shame if she aborts or the shame if she keeps the baby. Through prayer, and his belief in a loving compassionate God, Lane has an epiphany and sees into Sheri’s heart. He understands that through his belief in a personal relationship with Jesus Christ, love conquers all. He asks himself†¦ what would Jesus do? This is a question not many people ask themselves these days. During Lane’s epiphany or as Wallace puts it, â€Å"moment of grace† Lane realizes he is â€Å"not a hypocrite, just broken and split off like all men† (Wallace 9). The vision in Sheri’s heart is filled with love for her child and her God. She unfreezes him and releases him of all responsibilities and hopes he finishes his college education so that he can have a life filled with â€Å"joy and good things† (Wallace 10). Lane understands this is a lie. Lane’s heart has been cleansed with love and knows Sheri should not and will not raise their child alone. He questions whetherShow MoreRelatedRace Film : The Great And Only Essay10250 Words   |  41 PagesChapter One Race Films as a Genre in American Cinema â€Å"Most people pronounced his last name ‘Mee-show,’ though some who knew him insist it was ‘Mi-shaw.’ The correct pronunciation of his name is only the beginning of the ambiguities and mysteries associated with Oscar Micheaux† Patrick Mulligan—Oscar Micheaux: The Great and Only: The Life of America s First Black Filmmaker From the very beginning of the early stages in American cinema, African Americans had a presence on the silver screen. TheRead MoreEthical Misconduct7357 Words   |  30 Pagesincreased, with evaluation of employees performance based on ethical conduct being the only element to decrease since 2003. Creating a strong ethical environment should be a top priority of all companies, Harned says. We know formal programs are critical and work well initially, but we must now focus greater attention on building the right culture in which programs operate. This data shows, for example, that management needs to lead by example and set the right tone throughout the whole organizationRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesPROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION - PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION HAROLD KERZNER, Ph.D. Division of Business Administration Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio John Wiley Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored inRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesclass. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto DelhiRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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Serious in intent, he has striven both to illuminate practice and to provide ways of improving it. Although always appealing to his economic understandings, he has been open to a wide variety of otherRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesResource leveling 7.2 Setting a cost and time baseline schedule (1.3.5) [8.1.3] 6.5.2.3 Critical chain method Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Reducing Project Duration Leadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesperiod corresponds with so much that was happening around the world. Rastas could tell that social unrest in Jamaica was going to lead to a movement away from colonial rule and, having heard Marcus Garvey speak of the importance of Africa to black people in the New World, found in his remarkable success as a leader of thousands in the United States quite an amazing thing. Those who would presage the arrival of Rastafarianism also witnessed and read about the dramatic struggle of Emperor Haile SelassieRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 PagesM564 1998 658.4 012—dc21 98-9694 CIP ISBN 0-684 -84743-4 (hardcover) There are some people who begin the Zoo at the beginning, called WAYIN, and walk as quickly as they can past every cage until they come to the one called WAYOUT, but the nicest people go straight to the animal they love the most, and stay there. —A. A. Milne, in the Introduction to Winnie-The-Pooh We dedicate this book to such people who are more interested in open fields than closed cages. CONTENTS Embarkation 1Read MoreToyota Supply Chain78751 Words   |  316 Pagesthat follow cover the whole spectrum of what constitutes comprehensive supply chain management. So, going through the chapters gives you a framework to follow. In that sense, even if you extract the Toyota content out of the chapters, the book is a good guideline to develop sound supply chain management practices. One of the most useful conceptual frameworks in this book is the v4L construct. We see how Toyota manages its supply chain to ensure that the 4v’s— variety, velocity, variability, and visibility—can

Opposing School Uniforms Essay examples - 1684 Words

School Uniforms In 1993, Will Rogers Middle School in California’s Long Beach County School District began discussing the idea of a school-wide uniform policy. That fall, Will Rogers became the first school in Long Beach County to have a mandatory uniform policy. Other schools in the district soon followed drawing national attention, including a personal visit from then President Clinton. Recent memories of school shootings around the nation caused President Clinton to urge other school districts to move to uniforms in his 1996 State of the Union Address. This started a seemingly endless debate over school uniforms in public schools. In order to be legal, every uniform policy has to have an option to not participate. Students that†¦show more content†¦Uniforms definitely have some good qualities, but they are not the answer to all the problems in America’s schools. Julia Wilkins wrote â€Å"The Answer to Violence in American Schools or a Cheap Educational Reform?† in the March 1999 issue of The Humanist to share her views regarding the on-going debate over uniforms in public schools. Through my research, her article has proven to be an authority on the subject. She did an excellent job representing the views of her side, she covers every point laid out in the Manual on School Uniforms put out by the government. Uniform proponents use more subtle persuasion to argue their point. This can be seen fairly clearly in two pro-uniform articles: One by Pat Wingert, the other by Jo Beth McDaniel. The Wilkins’ article begins by pointing out a problem with violence in our public schools: â€Å"Media stories about a nationwide school epidemic, in which assaults on teachers are frequent and children are routinely killed over designer clothing, have been a constant over the past few years† (Wilkins par. 1). Wilkins then moves on to providing background information on the adoption of school uniforms by Long Beach County School District in 1995. She establishes Long Beach County’s actions as a turning point in the school uniform debate: â€Å"Since then, school uniforms have been upheld as the long-awaited policy tool for solving the crisis of school violence† (Wilkins par. 4). SheShow MoreRelatedSchool Uniforms are Essential: Dealing With Discrimination and Upholding Individuality1519 Words   |  7 Pagesthe psychological level of self-identification, bring this deceptive notion of fashion and social classes to school. The problem comes when this trend affects the performance of students and their personal lives. We all remember our days back when the talk was â€Å"Who are the jocks, the cheerleaders, the rick kids, the geeks, the losers, etcetera?† Believe it or not, the status quo in schools is always composed of them. These cliques have identities exclusive for each. Students who do not look, act,Read MoreIs it Good to Wear School Uniforms?673 Words   |  3 PagesSchool uniform has been a controversial issue in the United States. A lot of researchers have debated for centuries on whether or not wearing a school uniform is good. In the United States, most public schools do not require students to wear uniforms. However, students are required to wear uniform in private schools. While in most of the countries, either in a public or private school, required to wear uniforms. They even have summer and winter uniforms according to the weather. Most of the peopleRead MoreDoes Wearing School Uniform Have An Influence On Stud ent s Behavior?927 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Question: Does wearing school uniform have an influence on student’s behaviour? Review of Literature: The debate regarding whether the students should have to wear school uniform has been prevalent for many years. For example, some people insist that wearing uniform can really make a difference in a student’s academic performance, while others do not. There are still a lot school boards and parents arguing about it. Wearing school uniform has its advantages and disadvantages, but the pointRead MoreSchool Uniforms: Dealing With Discrimination Upholding Individuality1647 Words   |  7 PagesHigh School Musical, one flip on Seventeen Magazine, and one walk at a school hallway are all it takes to make a student be aware of how hell it feels like to be stared at and insulted by the other students if he/she wears this humongous thick glasses, knee-high socks, and clothes repeated last week. Media has influenced a lot of today’s trends and ideologies. Adolescents, being on the psychological level of self-identification, bring this perspective of fashion and social classes a t school. TheRead MoreSchool Uniforms Persuasive Essay1001 Words   |  5 PagesMake a Difference? If schools could automatically have more safety, a stronger sense of unity within students, and higher self esteem for every individual student at a minimal cost without transgressing any laws, or stepping over students rights it is doubtful that many would turn up their nose to all of these things. There is no difference between this situation and the benefits that school dress codes would provide. While the majority of public schools do not require uniforms, the ones that do reportRead More Supporting School Uniforms Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pageswhether it is right or wrong to be made to wear School uniform is what I will be discussing. This is an issue as people have conflicting views on why we should be forced to wear these clothes. The majority believe this to be a commendable notion whereas some think it isnt worth it. Despite some good points for opposing uniform, my overall view is that it is a good idea. One of the the most debatable and contraversial issues when opposing School uniform is that it removes individual identity. TheRead MoreSchool Uniforms And Schools Uniforms819 Words   |  4 Pagesas school uniforms, many are quick to deem them as unjust and avoidable. What these individuals do not know is that, in fact, school uniforms would enhance how the learning environment functions. Surely, when schools provide their students with uniforms, they are not providing their students with dreadful apparel, they are providing their students with an opportunity to change; whether it be a chance for a student to change their role academically, or a chance for a student to fit in. School uniformsRead MoreWe Are Not our Clothes - The Case for School Uniforms Essay1862 Words   |  8 PagesIn the middle of the school year, two new students walk through the doors of their new high school. The first student walks into the school with a worn out book bag, tarnished shoes, and notice ably older clothing, and is automatically judged by his peers on his wardrobe. The next student walks into the school wearing all of the latest name brands, expensive jewelry, and immediately she is judged as well. The student with the visibly â€Å"higher maintenance† wardrobe is instantly approached by anotherRead MoreDress Codes In the School System Essays1399 Words   |  6 PagesExpression have been thrown into the discussion, causing controversy in our communities. The dress code policy is considered to be a fix all solution in our schools, but has failed to curb the big issues. Dress codes should not be instituted to fix a particular problem, but should be looked at to help overall school reform. A school uniform policy does not have a significant influence on producing a safe learning environment or helping students achieve their goals. The beginnings of any type ofRead MoreSchool Uniforms Should Be Public Schools968 Words   |  4 Pages School Uniforms Parents around the globe have emphasized the controversy over school uniforms. During the school year of 2011-2012, one in every five school required students to wear school uniforms. America s first documented schools to inaugurate uniforms were in Maryland and Washington. Throughout the previous years in America, there have been numerous disputes whether school uniforms should be in public schools. In the last 30 years, public schools have often been hostilely compared to private

The Yellow Wall Paper And Barn Burning Essay - 1509 Words

In many different time periods throughout America’s history, there has been an overwhelming â€Å"norm† in society that depicts the male as the most dominate member of the household. Although this is not necessarily seen in today’s society, it is not rare to find this theme present in a large number of works studied in American Literature. Two authors that illustrate this pervasive theme in their short stories are Charlotte Perkins Gilman and William Faulkner. Despite the fact that these short stories were written almost fifty years apart, the protagonists in both Gilman’s â€Å" The Yellow Wall-paper† and Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning† live in a society where they are severely conflicted because of their confinement to a patriarchal family dynamic. Although there is such a large gap in the time periods of the two short stories, with â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper† being written in 1892 and â€Å"Barn Burning† being written in 1939, there are prevalent similarities on how these time periods affect society and both protagonists. In looking at the common theme for both time periods and their societies, the reader sees the clear role of the head, or male in the household. Both Gilman and Faulkner show how the subordinate family members are forced into submission. They must obey that primary male figure and his every demand. In â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper,† the unnamed narrator, diagnosed with â€Å"hysteria,† is forced, by her husband John, into confinement. John traps her in a small room where she is allowed toShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis on the Conflicts and Themes of Godfather Death2303 Words   |  10 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Setting helps to create an atmosphere or mood, which refers to an enveloping or permeating emotional texture within a work. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ex: Descriptions of bright colors (red, orange, yellow) may contribute to a mood of happiness. The contrast of such bright colors with darkness and dark colors may invoke gloom or augment hysteria. Tone: Similar to tone in poetry, tone in fiction is the author’s attitude toward the subject being discussedRead Moreevery day use3221 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿ Your name Course and section number Date Paper draft (for example, Paper #1 Draft A or In-class Essay #2) On subsequent pages, in the upper right corner write: The paper s title Your name Page number Character analysis of the story â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker 1) Pay attention to the character’s ethics. Does the character make just or unjust choices? Consider Atticus Finch in Harper Lee’s ToRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 PagesAugust a fisherman found the box containing the MSS on the shore near Towyn, Wales, where it had been washed up. He found a letter inside with an address, to which he sent the MSS, and in this way they came into the hands of Mrs Dennis. The edge of the paper had been worn by the action of the water, but most of the writing was legible, and the rest which was a little difficult to decipher was copied out by Miss Beswick, one of our C.M.S. missionaries. This dictionary gives forms in the Onitsha, BonnyRead MoreDesigning a Customer Driven Statergy23698 Words   |  95 Pagescustomers, who want very different things from their favorite coffee shop. Starbucks is strongly positioned as a sort of high-brow â€Å"third place†Ã¢â‚¬â€outside the home and office—featuring couches, eclectic music, wireless Internet access, and art-splashed walls. Dunkin’ has a decidedly more low-brow, â€Å"everyman† kind of positioning. With its makeover, Dunkin’ plans to move upscale—a bit but not too far—to rebrand itself as a quick but appealing alternative to specialty coffee shops and fastfood chains. A prototypeRead MoreMarketing and Financial Markets41809 Words   |  168 Pagescommercial buildings used 50 percent less energy. Consider that a ten-story office building in Los Angeles could save $141,000 annually on its electricity bill and extract 40 tons of carbon from the air if it were to have a green roof and four green walls. Demonstrating that the technology works and provides benefits to both customers and society at large. Larger companies are joining the new green building revolution such as The Gap retail chain installed a 69,000 square foot green roof on itsRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesDeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Westford. The cover was printed by Courier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1986, 1981, 1976 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronicRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesany network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 WVR/WVR 0 9 8 7 ISBN 978-0-07-340334-2 MHID 0-07-340334-2 Editorial director: Stewart Mattson Publisher: Tim Vertovec Executive editor: Richard T. Hercher, Jr. Developmental editor: Gail Korosa Associate marketing manager: JaimeRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesjudgments─not snap judgments that occur in the blink of an eye, but those that require careful reasoning. You are not reasoning logically if, when you want a gorilla suit for a Halloween party, the first thing you do is search for the word Gorilla in the Yellow Pages of the telephone book, and the problem here is not that you used a telephone book instead of the Internet. High-quality reasoning is called logical reasoning or critical thinking. Logical reasoning skills can be learned and improved. It is

Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria free essay sample

The question of an acceptable formula for revenue sharing among the component tiers of the Nigerian nation is one of the most protracted and controversial debates in the political and macroeconomic management of the economy. This debate has its foundations in the history and evolution of the Nigerian federation. â€Å"Revenue allocation or the statutory distribution of revenue from the Federation Account among the different levels of government has been one of the most contentious and controversial issues in the nation’s political life. So contentious has the matter been that none of the formulae evolved at various times by a commission or by decree under different regimes since 1964 has gained general acceptability among the component units of the country. Indeed, the issue, like a recurring decimal, has painfully remained the first problem that nearly every incoming regime has had to grapple with since independence. In the process, as many as thirteen different attempts have been made in devising an acceptable revenue allocation formula, each of which is more remembered for the controversies it generated than issues settled† Fiscal federalism refers to the scope and structure of the tiers of government responsibilities and functions as well as the allocation of resources among the tiers of government. We will write a custom essay sample on Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Perhaps the most important issue of fiscal federalism is the revenue allocation formula, the sharing of national revenue among the various tiers of government (vertical revenue sharing) as well as the distribution of revenue among the state governments (that is, horizontal revenue allocation). The centralization of Nigeria’s fiscal federalism began with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which argued that an appropriate revenue allocation system should result in a more equitable distribution of revenue among the states to achieve a balanced development of the federation. Revenue allocation can be described as a method(s) of sharing the centrally generated revenue among the different tiers of government and how the amount allocated to a particular tier is shared among its components. Nigeria is a federal state – under the federal system of government, federation or centrally-generated revenue is shared among the three levels of government, namely; the federal government, the states and the local governments. The theory of revenue sharing in a federal state is that each level of government receives an allocation of financial resources tailored to their specific requirements as defined by the mandate of legislative competence, their actual situation and the statutory indices of calculation. In Nigeria, decisions as to what proportion of centrally-generated revenue that would be retained by the federal government, the proportion that will be shared among the state governments and the proportion that will go to the local government has always been a problem, due to the fact that there is no consensus of opinion as to what could be seen as an ideal formula. The principles that guide the implementation of intergovernmental fiscal relations include: (a) The Principle of Diversity: The federal system must have the ability to accommodate a large variety of diversities. Hence, the fiscal system must provide scope for variety and differences to supply national, regional and local public goods. (b) The Principle of Equivalence: Based on the geographical incidence of different public goods, allocative efficiency requires the equalization of locational advantages arising from inter-jurisdictional differences with a combination of taxes and public goods and services. This requires the use of fiscal instruments for achieving macroeconomic objectives of growth, stabilization and full employment by residents of different geopolitical units; this requirement controls for what is often referred to as â€Å"central city exploitation thesis†. (d) Minimum Provision of Essential Goods and Services: This ensures that fiscal federalism guarantees all citizens, irrespective of where they reside, the minimum provision of ertain basic public goods and services. (e) Principle of Fiscal Equalization: In order to ensure a minimum level of public goods and services same degree of fiscal equalization is required. This is as a result of differences in resource endowment. (f) The Efficiency Principle: This principle implies that efficiency must be applied in the allocation of resources (g) The Principle of Derivation: The component units of a system should be able to control some of its own resources as they desire. h) The Principle of Locational Neutrality: Interregional fiscal differences tend to influence location choices of individuals and firms. Therefore, policy should focus on minimizing distortions due to some interference. Hence, differential taxes which create locational distortions should be avoided as much as practicable. (i) The Principle of Centralized Redistribution: This principle states that the redistribution function of fiscal policy through progressive taxation and expenditure programmes should be centralized at the federal level. That is, if the redistributive function is decentralized, it can result in distortions in location decisions. It should be noted that the above principles are not mutually consistent. There are several challenges and contending issues confronting intergovernmental fiscal relations in Nigeria: 1) Non – Correspondence Problem Ideally, each level of government should be given adequate resources to allow it discharge its responsibilities. Because this is not possible, there is usually a lack of correspondence between the spending responsibilities and the tax powers/revenue sources assigned to different levels of government. It is this incongruence that is often referred to as the non-correspondence problem. In Nigeria, most of the major sources of revenue come under the jurisdiction of the federal government yet lower levels of government are supposed to generate internal revenue. There is, therefore, the need to resolve the imbalance between assigned functions and tax powers. The issues concerning fiscal relations among the constituent units of the Nigerian federation that remain mostly unresolved are the divergence between assigned functions and tax powers, principle of horizontal and vertical revenue allocation, dependence of states and local governments on federal sources of funding, tendency towards concentration and federal presence in the states (Fadahunsi, 1998). The five principles currently applied in the horizontal revenue allocation formula are far from acceptable to all the stakeholders. 2) Fiscal Autonomy and Independence The issue of relative fiscal autonomy and independence of the state and local governments in a true federal structure goes with the corollary issue of the correspondence of governmental functions and revenue sources. Since the creation of the twelve-state structure in 1967, states and local governments have been excessively dependent on the Federation Account. This independence must be reduced if the federating units are to be free to pursue their own development goals without being hampered by the unpredictable fluctuations in their shares of the Federation Account. It is important that revenue sources should be reallocated and made compatible with the fluctuations stated for each tier of government to enhance steady and proper funding of administrative and developmental activities instead of the often experienced unexpected financial constrictions at the two lower tiers of government. 3) Oil Producing States, Oil Producing Local Government Administrative Areas or Communities Professor Omo Omoruyi in his treatise â€Å"the Politics of Oil: who owns the oil, Nigeria, states or communities† (2000) raised three salient questions on true ownership of oil in Nigeria. The question of local control over local resources is an established constitutional principle in federal systems. But the way the Nigerian federal system developed under the external colonial order (1954-60) and continued under the period of geo-ethno-military internal colonial order (1960-1999) and in the democratic dispensation between 1999 to date is yet an unresolved contending issues in the discourse about Nigeria’s federalism. He challenged the â€Å"Tripod† approach to Nigeria’s problem where the three major ethnic nationalities decide the content and the trend of national issues. This tripod approach to Nigerian politics, should have been done away with by now, with the introduction of the notion of ‘federal character’, which takes states in the federation as the units of representation. The tripod approach to Nigerian politics applies to how the oil, which comes from the non-majority areas, is approached in the political and economic discourse. We should also be aware of the feeling among the majority ethnic nationalities that the areas producing oil by virtue of powerlessness in the military and politics should not be allowed to lay claim to the oil from their areas as of right†. However, theres a distinction between oil producing communities and oil producing states. This is the basis of the activities of the Traditional Rulers of the Producing Communities who are dealing with the President and want the money due to states on the basis of the 13% derivation in the Constitution should be paid to the â€Å"oil producing communities/local government areas†. The Traditional Rulers’ argument is that â€Å"communities† own oil and not â€Å"states†. This is an unresolved issue and separates the communities in riverside areas directly affected by oil spillages from their compatriots in landed areas from enjoying the full benefits of allocations to producing states. One does not know the end of this argument. How should the National Assembly address this matter? The federal government should find a way of making the oil producing local government administrative areas as shareholders in the joint venture arrangements with the oil companies, thus making them stakeholders in the oil industry. There was the issue of who should be spending the oil money. Should it be the Nigerian government in conjunction with the oil producing areas? Should it be the oil producing areas alone? The Constitution from 1960 till after the civil war up till 1978 gave the right of ownership to the federal government but the proceeds were shared between the federal government and the regions or states on the basis of derivation like the agricultural crops. 4) Federation Account and the Derivation Fund It is important to define what constitutes the Federation Account – to which the various vertical revenue allocation formulae have been applied and what should be directly financed from it. Up to 1990, the amount accruing yearly to the Federation Account was still over 96% of totally federally collected revenue; but since 1991, when it first dropped to about 75% and nose-dived to around 35% by 1997, it showed no sign of recovery (Olowononi, 1999). It is therefore clear, that in such a situation, whatever the vertical formula applicable, there must still be a serious fiscal imbalance between the ederal government and the two lower tiers of government. It is crucial to redress this revenue imbalance in the spirit of balanced true federalism. What appears to account for this imbalance is the assertion of the self-claimed right by the federal government to finance various first-line charges from the Federation Account before the application of the vertical formula. The first-line charges include funding for external debt service, national priority projects, NNPC priority projects, special reserve account, and excess proceeds of the crude oil sales account, and in addition, the joint venture cash calls account. These deductions are made from the proceeds of crude oil sales before the derivation fund in the Federation Account is arrived at, and after which further deductions for special funds and the funding of the federal capital territory are made. It will seem more logical, with the exception of the joint venture case calls, that these various charges which are federal government obligations be financed solely from the federal government’s revenue proper, that is, from its share of the Federation Account or from its revenue from other sources. Therefore, in order to determine what constitutes the derivation fund, resolving the issue of the Federation Account is crucial. Thereafter, the derivation formula to be utilized can be arrived at. 5) Oil – Producing Areas and the Derivation Principle The crude oil production has been the most important economic activity in the Nigerian economy since the early 1970s is not subject to debate. Its impact is not limited to its contributing almost 90% of Nigeria’s total foreign exchange earnings but also to the fact that the national budgets are predicated on the expected annual production and price of crude oil.

List the fish and invertebrates you selected after the nitrogen cycling process free essay sample

Winning this scholarship will help me attain the goals that I have set for myself after high school. The scholarship would allow me to become one step closer to go to a great medical school and help me achieve my ultimate goal of becoming a neurosurgeon. This scholarship will also help make the colleges that I am considering more affordable, which will increase my chances of meeting my goals. Winning this scholarship can greater my chances of becoming the first person in my intermediate family to go to college right after finishing high school. I am a great pick for this scholarship because I had to move in with my father in the sixth grade after my mother was taken to Central State Hospital. Instead of using this information as an excuse, I use this for motivation and to make my mother proud of what I have become and what I will achieve during the later years of my life. We will write a custom essay sample on List the fish and invertebrates you selected after the nitrogen cycling process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is why I am a excellent choice for this scholarship. Winning this scholarship will help me attain the goals that I have set for myself after high school. The scholarship would allow me to become one step closer to go to a great medical school and help me achieve my ultimate goal of becoming a neurosurgeon. This scholarship will also help make the colleges that I am considering more affordable, which will increase my chances of meeting my goals. Winning this scholarship can greater my chances of becoming the first person in my intermediate family to go to college right after finishing high school. I am a great pick for this scholarship because I had to move in with my father in the sixth grade after my mother was taken to Central State Hospital. Instead of using this information as an excuse, I use this for motivation and to make my mother proud of what I have become and what I will achieve during the later years of my life. This is why I am a excellent choice for this scholarship. Winning this scholarship will help me attain the goals that I have set for myself after high school. The scholarship would allow me to become one step closer to go to a great medical school and help me achieve my ultimate goal of becoming a neurosurgeon. This scholarship will also help make the colleges that I am considering more affordable, which will increase my chances of meeting my goals. Winning this scholarship can greater my chances of becoming the first person in my intermediate family to go to college right after finishing high school. I am a great pick for this scholarship because I had to move in with my father in the sixth grade after my mother was taken to Central State Hospital. Instead of using this information as an excuse, I use this for motivation and to make my mother proud of what I have become and what I will achieve during the later years of my life. This is why I am a excellent choice for this scholarshiWinning this scholarship will help me attain the goals that I have set for myself after high school. The scholarship would allow me to become one step closer to go to a great medical school and help me achieve my ultimate goal of becoming a neurosurgeon. This scholarship will also help make the colleges that I am considering more affordable, which will increase my chances of meeting my goals. Winning this scholarship can greater my chances of becoming the first person in my intermediate family to go to college right after finishing high school. I am a great pick for this scholarship because I had to move in with my father in the sixth grade after my mother was taken to Central State Hospital. Instead of using this information as an excuse, I use this for motivation and to make my mother proud of what I have become and what I will achieve during the later years of my life. This is why I am a excellent choice for this scholarship. p.

Tort free essay sample

Exclusion of responsibility terms It is possible to have a term in the contract which excludes one of the parties from responsibility for something that may go wrong in the performance of the contract or limits that responsibility. It is called an exclusion clause or an exemption clause. For example, an exclusion from liability for damage done to the lawn by a builders backhoe might be included in a contract between the builder and a home owner who is having an extension built to their home. Express Terms of the Contract The express terms of the contract, the obligations entered into by the parties, may be ral or set out in writing. In addition, certain terms will be imposed upon the parties, most notably by statute under the Sale of Goods Act 1979 , The Sale of Goods (Implied Terms) Act 1973 and The Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 The Sale and Supply of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002 or by custom or by necessity. We will write a custom essay sample on Tort or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These terms are called Implied Terms. *** 6. 1. 1 The Parol Evidence Rule Oral evidence may not be adduced to add to, contradict or controvert a written document. The rule is part the law of evidence and applies not only to contracts but all kinds of documents.

Sample Chicago Essay

Sample Chicago EssayOne of the very first things that you need to do when you are getting ready to write your Chicago essay is to decide exactly what you will be writing about. You might choose to talk about something that is familiar to you, but maybe it's important to talk about something new. If you don't know a lot about the subject, you might want to write about something familiar and less personal. It will be much easier to relate to your topic if you can relate to your reader.Once you have decided what you will be writing about, you can get started writing your sample Chicago essay. The first step is to list all of the possible topics that you can write about. Just remember that while there are a number of things you can write about, you need to focus on one or two for the best results.If you are writing about something that you know a lot about, you can use the first sentence to tell your readers why they should care about this particular topic. For example, if you are writin g about something about the city's historical development, you could talk about how important the history of the city is to Chicago residents. Or, if you are writing about what it is like to live in the city, you can talk about what the environment is like. One of the best ways to get your readers to care about the topic is to focus on one specific reason why they should care. Make sure you also include a catchy tag line at the end of your paper.When you are writing your sample Chicago essay, it is a good idea to focus on one particular city or neighborhood, which is a concept that you may not have really used yet. Some of the best ways to get your readers to care about this area is to discuss the history of the area or to talk about what it is like to live in the area. This can be a powerful way to get your readers to pay attention. It might seem to your readers that they already know everything about a certain area, but when you can show them that they don't, it can make them a li ttle more interested in learning more.Another simple way to get your readers to remember the topic is to do research into it. You can do this by asking your friends or coworkers for their opinions or by reading about the subject on the Internet. All of these methods can give you some insight into what the topic is like.As you are writing your sample Chicago essay, you might find that you have some ideas that you haven't used before. While this is a good thing, it can also become a problem when you are working on it. You need to come up with a way to incorporate these ideas into your essay so that you can include them in your final product.The best way to do this is to create a subheading for your sample Chicago essay. This subheading will help you refer back to the information that you want to include in your final article. This is especially important if you use the same information twice throughout your paper.Writing a sample Chicago essay doesn't have to be difficult, but you nee d to remember that it is a challenging subject. If you put in the time and effort into researching your topic, you can be sure that you will enjoy writing it.

What do we learn in the first 10 letters of the Color Purple essays

What do we learn in the first 10 letters of the Color Purple essays What Do We Learn in the First Ten Letters of The Color Purple? Although slavery was abolished in 1863, following the American Civil War, peoples attitudes towards black people in the Southern States, remained very much the same. Beatings and lynching were common (in The Color Purple Celies father was lynched because his business was too much of a threat to his white rivals) and black men, in a desperate attempt to gain some sense of power would often abuse their women, both mentally and physically and this led to a complete loss of self respect and confidence in nearly all black women. Celie is a perfect example of a typical black woman during this era. She feels isolated and the fact that this is an episodic novel shows this effectively to the reader. As a result of nearly all women being illiterate, and ignored by the world, they did not have a way of voicing their opinions and feelings and in The Color Purple Alice Walker gives a voice to these women. However, this novel also shows women beginning to question their role in society and leavin g their lives of hardship and violence to make a living for themselves, gaining the respect of many members of the community. The dramatic opening immediately creates a feeling of loathing in the mind of the reader toward the violent, sex-driven Alphonso but it also gives us an insight into what life was like for black women during the early 1900s. In letter one, Celies lack of knowledge and understanding of sex, her bad use of grammar and mistakes in spelling make it quite clear that she is uneducated. For instance she doesnt recognise her feelings of nausea whilst cooking to be signs of pregnancy. And now I fells sick every time I be the one to cook. Another thing we can see is that black men had no respect for their women and used them merely for sex and housework. He was pulling on her arm. She say it too soon, Fonso, I aint well. ...

Book review article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Book review - Article Example ave an enormous task to create a relaxed and comfortable environment in which learners discover the complexities associated with the language and language acquisition (Kinginger, 2013, pp.21). However, knowledge of linguistics does not necessarily lead to successful language teaching practice. Jack Richards and Theodore Rodgers (2007) in the book Approaches and methods in language teaching discusses the major trends in language teaching in the twentieth century. The two authors emphasize the benefits of cooperative language teaching in contemporary classroom settings. On the other hand, Wei Li, Vivian Cook, and Flowerdew (2009) in the book dubbed Contemporary applied linguistics focus on the different perceptions, attitude and motivation that learners have toward the target language and how they (perception, attitude and motivation) affect language learning. Meanwhile, Karlfried Knapp (2007) in the book Handbooks of applied linguistics: communication competence, language and communic ation problems practical solution, discusses the domains of language awareness. Cooperative learning (CL) is arguably one of the most efficient language learning strategies for all student types, including mainstream students, English language learners (ELLs) and academically gifted students (Richards & Rodgers 2007, pp. 192). It not only promotes learning but also fosters friendship and respect among diverse groups of learners. Through cooperative learning strategies, students learn to depend on each other in a rather positive way for different learning tasks. However, it is imperative that teachers establish classroom protocols and norms that guide students to share, encourage each other, stay on task, contribute, and solve problems (Richards & Rodgers 2007, p. 192). The classroom norms will also guide students to help each other, as well as give and accept feedback from peers. Cooperative learning is particularly useful to students learning a second language. Besides, it promotes

Code Blue--Emergent Care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Code Blue--Emergent Care - Assignment Example Emergency rooms offer significant medical benefits to relevant patients from the expertise of medical specialists in all Emergency rooms (Gindi et al, 2011). As a result, the nation’s emergency rooms treat millions of patients who visit the attention of the medical facility (Gindi et al, 2011). However, there have been various complaints against the services, organization, and management of the emergency rooms. As seen in this context, such complaints may relate to inadequate patient care, poor Emergency Room management, long wait times, and patients being sent away because of lack of space, staff, or physicians to provide appropriate care (Gindi et al, 2011). These complaints demean the effectiveness of the emergency rooms. Nevertheless, various hospitals and other primary care centers are putting significant efforts to address the problems which normally relate to the operations in emergency rooms. As a chief operating officer, this paper highlights my discussion on the comp laints, measures to overcome the complaints, the effects of the â€Å"Good Samaritan Law† in treating ER patients, and other dynamics that relate to Emergency Rooms. Diagnosis of the Root Causes of the Complaints about the Clinic The numerous complaints about the clinic which hosts the Emergency Room emanate from different patients who register their dissatisfaction in the operations of the emergency room. Indeed, the complaints had different patterns, overall incidences, causes, validity, and possible solutions. The complaints included inadequate patient care, poor Emergency Room management, long wait times, and patients being sent away because of lack of space, staff, or physicians to provide appropriate care. The complaints emanated from insufficient communication by the doctor, nurse, registration clerk, and health care assistants (Tam & Lau, n.y). This leads to the patients assumption of poor staff attitude which results to assumed inadequate patient care. In fact, poor communication provokes incorrect interpretation of Emergency Room staff attitude and explanation and hence the complaints. Indeed, where the hospital staff cannot master effective communication skills, the patients always complain against the health system. At the same time, misdiagnosis and disagreement on diagnosis by the doctors leads to ineffective treatment which reflects on the patient’s complaints of inadequate patient care or lack of appropriate care at the clinic (Tam & Lau, n.y). In addition, lack of proper management skills among the health care providers lead to inadequate management which generate complaints of poor Emergency Room management in the clinic. Actually, the hiring of inadequate managers derives these complaints in the long run. Moreover, the environment which incorporates poor design of the clinic will lead to complaints of insufficient space and insufficient number of lift in the facility as the management will have to send the patients away subject to the resultant constraints. Seasonal outbreaks, higher patient volumes, and inappropriate use of emergency departments by patients with comparatively minor illnesses also lead to such complaints. Moreover, the government’s inability or ignorance to finance the health sector leads to the hiring and retention of insufficient staff or physicians which consequently generates the patient’

Law of Carriage by Rail Essay Example for Free

Law of Carriage by Rail Essay 1) a) Explain how the making of the contract between the consignor and the railway station can exist? The contract between the consignor and the railway company will existing when the railway company has accepted the goods for carriage from the consignor and together with the consignment note make by consignor. The acceptance will be established with the consignment note and will be stamp of the forwarding station. The consignment note is made by the consignor with three copy, each copy for each carriage freight, and the content of the consignment note are correspond with all the terms and condition that was agreed by the Rules. When the consignment note had been made by the consignor and was being stamped by the forwarding station, the consignment note will be an evidence of the making contract between the consignor and the railway station or forwarding station, the content that stated in the consignment shall be correspond or exactly same with the consignor with railway station previously agreed. The responsible of the consignor is extraordinary of the consignment note, which may in accordance with the agreement between consignor and the railway company. In the consignment note was related to the goods such as quantity of the goods or to the amount of packages shall only be evidence against the railway when it had been verified by the railway to regulate that is not any deviation with the particular of the consignment note and has be certified in the consignment note. If that was any necessary these particulars may be verified by other means or it was obvious that there is no actual insufficiency corresponding to the discrepancy between the quantity or amount of packages and the particulars in the consignment note, the latter shall not be evidence alongside the railway. This shall apply in particular when the carriage is handed over to the consignee with the original stamps complete. After the railway company has verified the goods, and they shall to certify a receipt that include the date of acceptance of the carriage and stamped on the consignment note before it was duplicated to the consignor. The railway shall declare acceptance of the goods and the date of acceptance for carriage by assigning the date stamp to or else making the entry on the duplicate of the consignment note before compensating the duplicate to the consignor. The duplicate will not have influence as the consignment note complementary the goods, nor as a bill of lading. Grand Trunk Railway Co. of Canada v. McMillan [1889] In this case is the Grand Trunk Railway Company of Canada as defendant and Robert McMillan as plaintiff. The fact in the case is the railway company have the contract with Robert McMillan, which is a contact for carriage of the goods and it was go beyond of the station of line. The railway company undertakes to carry goods to a point beyond the station of its own line its contract is for carriage of the goods over the whole transit. However the other companies which over of the line they must pass are merely agents of the contracting company for such carriage, and it was in no private of contract with the transporter. In addition, such a contract being one which a railway company may refuse to enter into the contact, it is because of according to section 104 of the Railway Act it does not prevent from restrict the liability for negligence as carriers or else in respect to the goods to be carried after they had gone from its own line. Moreover, inside the contract have a condition from the Grand Trunk Railway Company (defendants), it was stated, they carry the goods form Toronto to Portage la Prairie, Man., it was a place that beyond the station of their line, and the company shall not be responsible for any loss, damage or delay and detention that may happen to goods sent by them. If that has be happen (loss, damage or delay and detention) after said the goods had arrived at the stations or places on their line nearest to the points or places which they were committed to or beyond their held limits. Furthermore for the condition of the contract is provided that no claim for loss, damage, delay or detention of goods should be allowed unless notice in writing with particulars and it was given to the station agent at or nearby to the place of delivery within thirty-six hours after delivery of the goods in order to the claim that was made. The held in this case is because of the condition are not relieve with the company from the liability for the loss and damage that happened during the goods in transit, even if the loss, damage, delay or detention had happened beyond the limits of the company in that own line. As well as the loss having occurred after the transit was over, and the goods delivered at Portage la Prairie, and the liability of the company as carriers having ceased, this condition reduced the contract to one of mere bailment as soon as the goods were delivered, and also exempted the company from liability as warehousemen, and the goods were from that time in keeping of the company on whose line Portage la Prairie was place and it was as an bailees for the goods. That a plea setting up non-compliance with this condition having been demurred to, and the plaintiff not having appealed against a judgment over-ruling the demurrer, the question as to the sufficiency in law of the defense was res judicata. Likewise for the part of the consignment having been lost such notice should have been given in respect to the same within thirty-six hours after the delivery of the goods which arrived in safety. Finally it was be an action against the Grand Trunk Railway Co. and the Canadian Pacific Railway Company jointly for damages caused by injury to the plaintiff’s goods that carry on the Grand Trunk for carriage of goods from Toronto to Manitoba. The goods were only carried by the Grand Trunk over a portion of the route and by the Canadian Pacific from Winnipeg to the place of consignment, and they were in the actual ownership of the latter company when injured. And because of the damage to the goods was not disputed, but the defendants claimed that they were carried under a special contract, by the terms of which they were relieved from liability. b) Briefly explain the party that have the liability to be liable under the carriage by rail? The rail carrier has the liability to be liable for the loss, damage or any delay of the goods that who was under CMR. According to Article 55 is provided that the railways may bring an action to forwarding railway. That is for claim against the railways company due to arising of loss, damage or delay of the goods, and is an action that for reclamation of totality of funded under the contact of carriage of goods might be taken against the railways which have composed that totality or against to railways on behalf it was collected. Based on Article of 54, that is the action against the railways might be brought by the consignor. If any happen action arising from the contact of carriage of goods, the action might brought by consignor until the consignee was take a proprietorship of the consignment note, accepted the goods from the consignor, or declared he has the right to deliver the goods. Or the action against the railways also can brought by the consignee, when the consignee are take a possession of the consignment note, accepted the goods, declared his right or he had been provided that he has the right of action that shall be quenched from the time when a person was entitled by the consignee. However, if they might brought an action against the railways, consignor shall to produce the duplicate of the consignment note, because that will be an evidence that he produce an authorisation from the consignee or deliver resistant that the consignee has refused to accept the consignment note, or the consignee shall to produce the consignment note if it has been furnished terminated to him. In addition, that Article of 36 that is the extent of the liability. The railways has a number of exclusion from the liability. In fact the railways shall to be liable for the loss, damage or delay of the goods, and occasioning from the total or some of the partial of loss, damage or delay from the consignor or between the time that had acceptance for carried out the goods loading and the time delivery and inherent vice of the goods such as defective packaging, decay of the goods or wastage. The railway company shall be relieved of such liability when the loss, damage or delays or the goods that had carried, due by the cause of fault on part of the person entitled, or by the person that entitled other than as result of a fault on the part of the railway which the railway could not avoided and which is unable to prevent the consequence. For instance, under the agreement between the consignor and the railway in the consignment note, the goods should be under the condition that applicable that had been stated in consignment note, any absence or lack of the filler of the good which by their nature shall be liable to loss or damage when the goods was not packed or not be properly packed, or defective loading that had been carried by the consignor, any irregular, incorrect or any incomplete description of the article not been acceptable for carriage or acceptable matter to conditions or failure on part of the consignor to observe the prescribed protections in respect of article acceptable matter to conditions, or the carriage of the live animal and what stated in the consignment note must be accompanied by any attendant, if the loss, damage or delay of the goods had been resulted in the risk of the attendant was intended to obviate, all the circumstance, the railway shall be relieved of the liability when it was cause in resulted in loss, damage or delay of the goods. For example in the case of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. v. Canadian National Railway Co., Rainbow Industrial Caterers Ltd. v. Canadian National Railway Co., [1991], see as well the case of Grand Trunk Railway Co. of Canada v. McMillan [1889]. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. v. Canadian National Railway Co. In this case the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd is the plaintiff and Canadian National Railway Company is the defendant in the cases. The fact in the case was as an import of a train derailment cargo owned by the plaintiff was severely damaged. The cargo was being accepted under a â€Å"Master Transportation Agreement† between the plaintiff and Fujitrans as a freight forwarder. The goods made in Japan and were carried by sea to Vancouver where it was discharged for further carriage to Ontario by rail. Furthermore, the defendant rail carrier assumed, pursuant to Section 137(1) of the Canada Transportation Act, S.C. 1996 and an agreement between Casco, another freight forwarder, that it was entitled to limit its liability to $50,000. However the rail carrier was entitled to limit his liability. The held in the case is which is the right of the defendant as a rail carrier to limit its liability depends on it establishing the existence of a â€Å"confidential contract† under ss. 126 and 137 of the Canada Transportation Act that is a â€Å"written agreement signed by the shipper† and that contains a limitation of liability. The â€Å"shipper† within the meaning of the Canada Transportation Act in the circumstances of this case was Casco not the plaintiff. In addition, the requirement of a â€Å"signed† copy of the agreement does not necessarily require that an actual contracted copy be produced. In this case, the existence of signed consignment of the agreement was sufficient. The plaintiff impliedly or expressly agreed to and authorized the subcontracting by Fujitrans to Casco and by Casco to the rail carrier. Moreover, the plaintiff had express awareness of the terms of the agreement between Casco and the rail carrier. Accordingly, the plaintiff is guaranteed by the limitation even without any private of contract between it and the rail carrier. Rainbow Industrial Caterers Ltd. v. Canadian National Railway Co., [1991] In this case the Rainbow Industrial Caterers Ltd as an appellant however Canadian National Railway Company as a defendant in the cases. The fact in the cases is actually they have two different industrial caterers, both of them is from Albert and in BC, and they was joined and administer as one entity that called as â€Å"Rainbow†. Canadian National Railway Company decided to call for tender for the catering of the meals and service for all the work of crews on a nation-wide basis for the good weather work period in 1985. It had estimated that 1,092,500 meals that will be required. Canadian National Railway Company was notified to Rainbow that the meals are total expected to be 85% of the values listed in the tender document, after the Rainbow was made the bids at $4.94 per meal. It was caused the Rainbow was to increase its bid to $5.02 per meals. As a result that the Rainbow was accumulate that it was losses month by month, because of the number that the meals required was very less than the number given as by the Canadian National Railway Company, and it was caused the Rainbow lost about $1,000,000 on the contact and sued to Canadian National Railway Company. Rainbow was brought an action in tort on the basis of negligent misstatement and misrepresentation in the contact. It is mean that was a breach of the contact and negligent misstatement. The held in the cases is the appellant is looking for the damages in an action for the negligent of misrepresentation is entitled to be put in the position, which if the misrepresentation had not been made. Thus, in tort of action the object is to put the appellant in the position that would have been in if the tort had not been committed. The position would have been is a matter that the appellant must to establish on a balance of the probabilities. However the Canadian National Railway Company was argue that the much of the losses was not caused by the negligent misrepresentation and would have been suffered even had the estimated was accurate. Canadian National Railway Company position is that the losses caused by the conduct that cannot be recoverable in the misrepresentation claim. But, the Canadian National Railway Company is bore the burden of proving the Rainbow would have a bid even if the estimate had been accurate. That was not being proved and it is taken as a fact that the Rainbow would not have to contract had the estimate been accurate. The conduct would not have occurred if there had been no contracted and these losses are causally and directly connected to the contract and the contact is causally connected to the negligent misrepresentation. Finally, this damage was foreseeable and there are not remote. The court was not satisfied that the Rainbow would have entered into the contract in the absence of the misrepresentation, so the damages claimed by the Rainbow were predictable. Furthermore the appellant may compete that all its losses on the contract were caused by the negligent misrepresentation but if it is shown that the loss was caused by factors other than the misrepresentation, and then the chain of causation is broken down. Generally, the plaintiff establishes a prima facie case by proving losses resulting from the contract. But the defendant may demonstrate that the chain of causation was broken by. For instance that the appellant was acts in own, the acts of third parties, or other factors disparate to the circuitous misrepresentation. Tort responsibility is based on mistake, and losses not caused by the defendants fault cannot be charged to it. It is for the appellant in constricting to make appropriate allowance for contingency such as conditions. The plaintiff may also have claim against third parties who cause it loss. To strengthen, the plaintiffs losses may have been caused by the respondent in negligent misrepresentation, or other wrongful acts or omissions of the respondent, whether in negligence or breach of contract and the plaintiffs acts or errors, the acts of third parties, factors unrelated to the faulted either the plaintiffs or the defendant. Trial judge wrongly held that all the appellant contract losses must be certified to and made no findings with respect to the other potential, in spite of the fact that the defendant Canadian National Railway Company led verification on them. These findings must be made if fairness is to be done.